The international Symposium "Advances in cryomedicine"
Word_Zip_eng Download the Text as a zipped Word file REGENERATIVE CRYOTHERAPY
SERGEJ D. DOROCHOV  

Regenerative cryotherapy is a variant of cold treatment.
Classification:
Cryotherapy can be classified on the basis of its clinical effect and as a function of the temperature parameters which affect the impact of the cold factor on tissue.

CRYOTHERAPY:
REGENERATIVE
DESTRUCTIVE
CRYOSURGERY

Regenerative cryotherapy is cold treatment administered at temperatures near the cold-resistance threshold of the tissue. This kind of cryotherapy stimulates the regenerative processes in the undercooled tissue.
Destructive cryotherapy is cold treatment administered at temperatures below the cold-resistance threshold of the tissue. This kind of cryotherapy leads to necrosis of the undercooled tissue.
Cryosurgery (exstirpative cryotherapy) consists of the cyclic application of cold treatment at temperatures below the cold-resistance threshold of the tissue. It leads to necrosis or removal of the undercooled tissue.
REGENERATIVE CRYOTHERAPY consists of the brief administration of dosed cold treatment to tissues and organs at temperatures close to the cold-resistance threshold of the tissue. The aim of this type of cryotherapy is to bring about regeneration and functional reactivation at the treatment site. Regenerative cryotherapy causes a reaction in the organism which is linked to local tissue irritation and manifests itself in an elimination of the pathogenic factors, regeneration of tissue, and restoration of functional competence. During the administration of regenerative cryotherapy, the same pathophysiological changes take place in the tissues that were described by I. V. Davydovskij (1969) in connection with inflammatory processes:
Stage 1: Reactions caused by the activity of vasoactive mediators
Stage 2: Hyperemia
Stage 3: Exudation and edema
Stage 4: Leukocytic infiltration Stage 5: Regeneration.
Monitoring of the cooling parameters in the tissues is a very important point during regenerative cryotherapy since the therapeutic effect is directly linked to these parameters.
The Method of Regenerative Cryotherapy for the Treatment of Chronic Tonsillitis and Chronic Pharyngitis
Chronic tonsillitis and chronic pharyngitis are chronic inflammatory edematous processes affecting the lymphoid tissues of the tonsils and lymphoid follicles (Waldeyer`s throat ring). The administration of cryotherapy to this lymphoid tissue simultaneously activates the regenerative process and a cyclic reaction lasting for 4 to 6 weeks. When the regenerative cryotherapy method is used to treat chronic tonsillitis or chronic pharyngitis, the following therapeutic mechanisms of action can be observed:
1. heightened non-specific reactivity of the organism
2. attenuation and subsequent eradication of infectious processes
3. distinct hyposensitization of the organism to bacterial and histoid antigens 4. germination of young neurites without the degenerative changes usually observed in chronic inflammatory processes, restoration of the normal trophism of the lymphoid tissue, and enhancement of cell repair and regeneration
5. restoration of the protective function of lymphoid tissue within the framework of local and systemic immune reactions.
The Method of Regenerative Cryotherapy for the Treatment of Chronic Rhinitis of Vasomotor or Atrophic Origin
The administration of cryotherapy to the nasal mucosa activates the regenerative processes and triggers a cyclic reaction lasting for 4 to 6 weeks.
When regenerative cryotherapy is used to treat chronic rhinitis, the following therapeutic mechanisms of action can be observed:
1. restoration of normal trophism via germination of new nerve fibers and the corresponding receptors in the nasal mucosa, one of the important receptor areas in the body
2. a noticeable hyposensitization effect
3. a stimulating effect on the organism
4. restoration of nasal breathing
5. The improvement of afferent innervation in the nasal mucosa stimulates the trigeminal nerve, thus restoring the normal function of the higher vegetative nervous centers.
The Method of Regenerative Cryotherapy for the Treatment of Snoring and Sleep Apnoea Patent of the Russian Federation (Rospatent), Moscow, Russia 1994
Snoring is a sound caused by vibration in the lower part of the throat. It occurs when the soft palate and uvula have lost their muscle tone and become inelastic. The sleep apnoea syndrome manifests itself as a brief respiratory standstill caused by the irritation of reflexogenic areas; this irritation is attributable to a loss of muscle tone in the soft palate and uvula allowing these structures to slip down into the lower part of the throat.
The reflexogenic areas of the throat constitute a nerve plexus, the plexus pharyngeus consisting of the sensory and motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve, the vagus nerve and the sympathetic nerve. The glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves play an important role in the pathogenetic mechanism responsible for the sleep apnoea syndrome since they innervate the middle and lower part of the pharyngeal space. The vagus nerve is also responsible for the innervation of the larynx and its muscular apparatus. When the soft palate and the uvula slip down into the pharyngeal space, they are recognized as foreign bodies and thus cause an irritation of the reflexogenic areas in this space. Protective reflexes are activated, the glottis seizes up and respiration stops. Owing to the resulting oxygen deficit, however, the vocal cords open again and respiration resumes.
Possible causes of the loss of muscle tone in the soft palate and uvula include special anatomic features in certain individuals. However, it is more commonly caused by inflammatory dermopathic processes in the tonsils, pharynx and nasal cavity. As the name suggests, the application of regenerative cryotherapy to the muscles of the soft palate and uvula activates regenerative processes and improves the contractibility of the muscle fibers. The normal muscle tone of the soft palate and uvula is restored: these anatomic structures are again held in place from above and vibration stops. The most important result, however, is that the patient stops snoring and the reflexogenic areas of the pharynx are no longer irritated. In short, the patient has been cured of the sleep apnoea syndrome.
REGENERATIVE CRYOTHERAPY is an effective treatment method via which a stable therapeutic effect can be achieved. Regenerative cryotherapy can be employed to:
1. stop snoring and sleep apnoea
2. restore nasal breathing
3. reinstate the protective function of the lymphoid tissue in the tonsils and lymphoid follicles (Waldeyer's throat ring)
4. stimulate immune processes
5. eradicate chronic foci of infection in the tonsils, pharynx and nose, thereby preventing complications or sequelae of these infections. These include systemic and rheumatoid diseases of the heart (i.e. endo-, myo- and pericarditis), the blood vessels (e.g. vasculitis), the joints (e.g. polyarthritis), the kidneys (e.g. glomerulonephritis), the internal and external sex organs (e.g. disturbances of potency), the nervous system (e.g. chorea) and the skin (e.g. scleroderma, psoriasis, pustulosis and lupus erythematosus), infectious allergic diseases (e.g. bronchial asthma, atopic and allergic dermatitis, etc.) and immunodeficiency disorders.
If everyone (but especially children) would undergo prophylactic treatment of the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils, pharynx and nasal mucosa using the method of regenerative cryotherapy, we would observe the following positive effects (especially in children):
- improvement of the protective functions of the organism
- stimulation of the immune system.

We can assume, moreover, that the general risk of contracting systemic, rheumatoid, infectious allergic and oncological diseases, immune deficiency states, snoring and sleep apnoea- would be distinctly reduced.

Monitoring of the cooling parameters is an important point to be observed during regenerative cryotherapy since achievement of the desired therapeutic effect depends directly on these parameters. On the basis of my extensive experience with cryotherapy, I have designed and patented (German Patent Office in Munich 1993) a mobile cryotherapy unit suitable for use in medical practices. With the aid of this unit, it is possible to keep tissue cooling under control, especially in the ears, nose and throat regions.

It is evident from the above discussion that cryotherapy offers a viable alternative to radical surgery and the removal of tissues and organs it usually involves. For this reason, we should publicize the benefits of cryotherapy and add it to the arsenal of methods we use in our medical practices daily. With its regenerative effects, cryotherapy opens up vistas for an alternative direction in medicine, namely regenerative medicine.
 
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